Kevlar molecular structure. He/she should then explain how the fabric behaves .

Kevlar molecular structure. These molecules possess a distinctive arrangement of amide groups (-CO-NH-) linked by aromatic rings in their molecular structure. Properties Kevlar is a type of aramid that consists of long polymeric chains with a parallel orientation. Apr 19, 2025 · Kevlar ® (another DuPont textile) is also an aramid, but with a slightly different chemical structure. Nomex, on the other hand, is a constitutional isomer of Kevlar. Kevlar is actually a trade name for the polymer; its chemical name is polyparaphenylene terephthalamide. This arrangement allows for hydrogen bonding between the polymer chains, resulting in a highly organized and densely packed structure. Mar 10, 2025 · Discovering Kevlar Kevlar is a highly resistant synthetic aromatic polyamide. Kevlar has a unique combination of high strength, high modulus, toughness and thermal stability. Feb 27, 2018 · Here, we propose a new two-dimensional (2D) polymer, “graphamid”, that closely resembles Kevlar in chemical structure, but is mechanically advantaged by virtue of its 2D structure. When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fiber has a tensile strength of about 3,620 MPa (525,000 psi), [23] and a relative density of 1. The production of aramid fibers known under their trademark names Kevlar® and Nomex. Best known for its use in ballistic body armor, Kevlar ® also has many other applications because of its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio. These chains contain repeating units with benzene rings connected by amide linkages. This glue is actually a type of chemical bond known as a hydrogen bond. More specifically, Kevlar contains both aromatic and amide molecular groups. Download scientific diagram | Chemical structure of Kevlar from publication: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KEVLAR FIBRE | The experimental investigation was carried out on Kevlar Chemical Structure The chemical name of Kevlar fiber is poly (p-phenylene terephthalate) (PPTA), and its molecular chain is formed by terephthaloyl chloride and p-phenylenediamine through polycondensation. And remember those pesky runaway trucks and locomotives To gain strength, a polymer chain has to have a certain structure. five times stronger per unit weight than steel), a high modulus of elasticity, a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and very low pre-fracture elongation as well as excellent corrosion and flame resistance. The black section highlights the repeat unit that contains two aromatic carbon rings in the polymer. In Kevlar, the para-substitution of the monomers allows the benzene rings to lie centrally along the molecular axis as shown in Figure 1. 87 angstroms, b = 5. File:Kevlar chemical structure. Oct 16, 2017 · Advancements in processing techniques have facilitated the development of a series of unique high-performance DuPont™ Kevlar ® fibers. At the less crystalline spot on the Kevlar® fiber surface, the periodical Background Raman spectroscopy can be used to study the chemical composition and structure of polymer materials such as Kevlar. The material has been used in body armour, in tennis racquets, table tennis paddles, and in snowboards, in various medical applications, and in some of the Martian rovers. These monomers have 14 carbon atoms, 2 nitrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms, and 10 hydrogen atoms. 44g/cm3. Kevlar‘s Molecular Structure: The Key to Its Strength At the heart of Kevlar‘s exceptional strength lies its unique molecular structure. Kevlar 149, the strongest fiber and most crystalline in structure, is an alternative in certain parts of aircraft construction. You start by dissolving the aramid polymer in a solvent, creating a viscous liquid called a dope. [6] Liquid-crystal polymers are present in melted/liquid or solid form. He/she should then explain how the fabric behaves Chemical structure of Nomex and Kevlar fibers can be described by the common formula in Fig. But why is Kevlar so strong? And how does Kevlar’s melting point enhance its performance? In this article, we will explore the unique properties of Kevlar, focusing on its molecular structure and the high melting point that ensures its robustness even under Dec 13, 2006 · Initially referred to as Fiber B and PRD-49, these fibers are now produced and sold by Du Pont under the trade name Kevlar. Kevlar fibers are para aramid fibers rather than meta aramid structure of Nomex. These chains align tightly, forming rigid, rod-like molecules. When a bullet strikes, Kevlar absorbs and disperses the energy across its strong, flexible layers, preventing penetration and reducing blunt trauma. Oct 4, 2022 · Kevlar is a synthetic material created from a chemical known as poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide. Created by Stephanie Kwolek, DuPont ™ Kevlar ® is a heat-resistant para-aramid synthetic fiber with a molecular structure of many inter-chain bonds that make Kevlar ® incredibly strong. [58] The wing leading edge is one application, Kevlar being less prone than carbon or glass fiber to break in bird collisions. This structure gives Kevlar both rigidity and Jan 6, 2012 · 1. Jun 17, 2025 · You rely on ballistic Kevlar fabric because its tightly woven polyamide fibers create a molecular structure that resists stretching and breaking under impact. The unique properties and distinct chemical composition of wholly aromatic polyamides (aramids) distinguish them—and especially Kevlar®—from other commercial, man-made fibers. FIBER-LINE®’s ability to add value to the already atractive properties of both Kevlar®Para-Aramid & Nomex® Meta-Aramid creates more opportunity in the market place to provide solution driven products to a diverse range of markets. These WHAT IS KEVLAR®? Kevlar® is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide family. Structure of Kevlar The above diagram gives details how a Kevlar can exhibit high strength. File:Kevlar chemical structure H-bonds. Like Kevlar, Zylon is used in a number of applications that require very high strength with excellent thermal stability. Superman was always picking up? Because it withstands high heat and The chain cannot flop around loosely, like a linked bicycle tire chain. It has unique combination of high strength, high modulus, toughness and thermal stability. Write a condensed (bracketed) repeating structure of the Kevlar molecule. this property is what makes Kevlar heat and flame resistant Dec 29, 2014 · Kevlar is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide family. Due to the strongest type of intermolecular force, hydrogen bonding allows Kevlar to have an average density of 1. abrasion, Kevlar is widely used in transmissions, cooling systems, and Instead, it should form long, straight chainlike rods. This facilitates extensive hydrogen bonding between the amide groups of adjacent chains and strong π-π stacking interactions Apr 24, 2022 · The hydrogen bonds and partial amide groups in the fiber structure were damaged, and the surface chemical functional groups of the Kevlar fiber were reassembled under ozone exposure. Kevlar (a kind of aramid fiber) has a very high tensile strength (i. Jan 24, 2019 · The chemical structure of Kevlar® is presented in Fig. Poly-para phenylene terephthalate (K29), which is branded as Kevlar, is a structure of tightly knit and squeezed aramid fibers, it is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic material, which contains monomers that build-up to create the fiber. 44 (0. These two aramids are similar in basic structure and are sometimes produced in the same production plants. Its exceptional properties are directly linked to its molecular and microstructural characteristics, making it indispensable in numerous high-performance applications where strength, durability, and weight WHAT IS KEVLAR®? Kevlar® is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide family. The unique properties anddistinct chemical composition of wholly aromatic polyamides (aramids) distinguish them from other man-made fibre. svg is a vector version of this file. Jan 24, 2007 · Made by cacycle (taken from english wiki). Dec 1, 2020 · A multiscale model has been developed based on the well-characterized hierarchical structure of Kevlar fiber, which can be divided into three levels: molecular structure (nanoscale), microfibril structure (microscale) and single fiber level (macroscale). Jun 21, 2025 · Kevlar fabric is a high-strength, lightweight material made from synthetic aramid fibers known for its exceptional durability and impact resistance. Chemical Structure Polymer Backbone: Kevlar's chemical name is poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide). In 1973, DuPont was the first company to introduce a para-aramid fiber, calling it Kevlar; this remains one of the best-known [citation needed] para-aramids and/or aramids. This method involves illuminating the surface of a material with an incident laser light and observing the scattering characteristics. The sheets of molecules are themselves held together by strong intermolecular forces and the 'molecular sheets' can be aligned to maximise theses forces and the combined strength of many such sheets gives Kevlar fibres their great strength. Introduction Kevlar is a manmade fibre, it as an organic fibre in aromatic polyamide family. Jun 22, 2018 · The structure of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide or Kevlar. Aramids are a family of nylons, including Nomex and Kevlar. Its “rigid-rod” characteristic is a function of the para Polymerisation of alkenes to addition polymers - structure, properties, uses of poly (alkene) polymers The manufacture, molecular structure, properties and uses of polyesters Amides chemistry - a mention of polyamides The structure, properties and uses of polyesters and polyamides involving aromatic monomers Download scientific diagram | Molecular structure of Kevlar molecule. Laine and the straw models to demonstrate Kevlar fibrillation and kinking. Procedure: The instructor should drape the Kevlar fabric over him/herself and tell the students that this weave is the same material used in bullet proof vets. You’re dealing with aramid fibers, which are long chains of aromatic polyamides. Jan 18, 2025 · Kevlar est réputé pour son rapport de résistance à la traction et de poids exceptionnel, ce qui en fait un matériau idéal pour une variété d'applications allant de l'armure balistique aux composants aérospatiaux. Weave tightness and fiber arrangement influence Kevlar’s drapability, balancing flexibility with abrasion resistance. Kevlar ® fiber structural schematic. S1, in which the aromatic rings are linked to the backbone chain through the para- positions, and the adjacent chains bond together via Chemistry's Role Kevlar is strong because of both its chemical structure and the way it is made. Oct 19, 2023 · Kevlar Structure: What Is Kevlar Made Of? Kevlar is a polymer, which means that it has units that are repeating and bound together to form a much bigger molecule. from publication: Comparative Study of Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Kevlar Polymer Composite in Sheet and Wire Form with Plain Kevlar We then quantitatively correlate our results to the structural tensile data of Kevlar from previous studies utilizing wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) [5] and Raman spectroscopy [6], to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which Kevlar tolerates stress. The chemical structure of para-aramid fiber molecular chain has good symmetry, and its molecular chain has strong rigidity, and its solubility, rheological properties and processing methods are very different from ordinary flexible chain polymers. When an incident photon from Download scientific diagram | Chemical structure of Kevlar. Jun 22, 2014 · The monomers used to form Kevlar are 1,4-phenylene-diamine and terephthaloyl chloride. png → File:Kevlar chemical structure H-bonds. Kevlar is a type of fibre called an aramid, short for 'aromatic polyamide', in which the molecules form long, highly-oriented chains. When you look at Dyneema, you’ll find it’s made from ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In Kevlar the aromatic groups are all linked into the backbone chain through the 1 and 4 Oct 17, 2006 · KEVLAR is a long, chain-like molecule known as a polymer, which consists of repeating units called monomers. Dec 1, 1999 · Kevlar® fiber surface structure was primarily and directly observed in the filament configuration by the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Directly characterizing interior structures of these fibers is vital for connecting processing variations with resulting mechanical properties. Para-aramid fibers exhibit a higher degree of molecular orientation and crystallinity compared to meta-aramid fibers. This type of bonding which occurs between the oxygen atoms that have 6 valence electrons and the hydrogen atoms that have only 1. Kevlar is a highly crystalline polymer with a rigid, rod-like molecular structure, which contributes to its exceptional strength and heat resistance. May 20, 2024 · The chemical formula of the Kevlar polymer is C14H10N2O2; 14 Carbons, 10 Hydrogens, 2 Nitrogens and 2 Oxygens. from publication: A review on current status and development possibilities of soft armour panel assembly | This review Kevlar ® is a heat-resistant, synthetic, lightweight fiber that delivers high tensile strength that brings improved protection and performance across a range of industries and applications. Its crystalline molecular structure, reinforced by hydrogen bonds, gives it outstanding and unique mechanical and thermal properties. Kevlar belongs to the aramid family of synthetic fibers, which are characterized by their aromatic polyamide structure. Kevlar, a polyamide used to make bulletproof vests, is made from terephthalic acid and paraphenylenediamine. Here, we discuss this strong and heat-resistant synthetic fiber Kevlar, its properties, limitations, applications, and recent relevant studies. The manufacturing process of Kevlar involves the polymerization of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride, followed by the formation of the fiber through a wet spinning process. The very low compressive strength and its ability to absorb moisture, together with difficulties in cutting are Media in category "Structural illustrations and formulas of Kevlar" The following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total. The two monomers are benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. Compared to Kevlar®, nylon and polyester have relatively low moduli and intermediate melting points. An aramid is a polyamide where at least 85% of the amide bonds are The chemical structure of Kevlar consists of long, rod-like polymer chains that are highly oriented and hydrogen-bonded, creating a rigid and tightly packed fiber. It provides a kind of molecular “glue” to hold adjacent polymer chains together. In the case of Kevlar, the repeating units form chains. Kevlar’s unique structure—a combination of rigid, linear polymer chains with strong inter-chain hydrogen bonding—results in a material that is both incredibly strong and lightweight. Structure chimique Backbone polymère: Le nom chimique de Kevlar est le poly (p-phénylène téréphtalamide). Hydrogen bonds form when regions of adjacent molecules with opposite charges attract each other (see Kevlar comes from the distinguished polyamide family in which they are derived from benzene, resulting in a fiber with extremely long molecular chains, giving it an almost ridge-like structure. There are many inter-chain bonds making the material extremely Feb 6, 2024 · Kevlar 149, the strongest fiber and most crystalline in structure, is an alternative in certain parts of aircraft construction. May 29, 2024 · Learn about Kevlar’s properties such as high tensile strength, thermal stability, and impact resistance, making it essential in various industries. [1] As a material, Kevlar was first commercially used in the early 1970s; it is spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such or as an ingredient in Jun 21, 2025 · The fabric’s molecular structure consists of rigid aromatic polyamide chains providing exceptional strength and heat resistance. You’ll find it in protective gear like body armor and helmets because it withstands cuts, heat, and abrasion without adding bulk. Kevlar Kevlar is similar in structure to nylon-6,6 except that instead of the amide links joining chains of carbon atoms together, they join benzene rings. The Remarkable Properties of Kevlar: Durability, Strength, and Heat Resistance Kevlar, a synthetic fiber known for its incredible strength and durability, is a crucial material in a variety of applications ranging from bulletproof vests to racing When this molecule polymerises, the ring opens, and the molecules join up in a continuous chain. In the molecular structure, benzene rings and amide groups are arranged alternately to form highly regular linear macromolecules. These two polymers are distinguished by the structure of their molecules, Nomex being characterized by meta -oriented phenyl rings and Kevlar by para -oriented rings: Nomex melts and simultaneously decomposes at approximately 350 °C (660 °F); the melting point of Kevlar is above 500 °C (930 °F). The primary, or molecular structure, of the Kevlar extended chain can be classified as monoclinic with the following lattice parameters: a = 7. A monomer unit of Kevlar is an aromatic amide, or aramid. A KEVLAR fiber is an array of molecules oriented parallel to each other like a package of uncooked spaghetti. Nov 13, 2015 · Sometimes referred to as a Space Age material, it is the chemical structure and processing of Kevlar that makes it so strong. but for a different reason. 18 angstroms and c = 12. In this paper, the effects of H-bond interaction on the axial, transverse and shear properties of the Kevlar® crystal are predicted by using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Location: Concepts Shown: The structure and properties of Kevlar Equipment: Sample of Kevlar fabric from Prof. Jan 1, 2006 · Fibers of Kevlar consist of long molecular chains produced from poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide. In 1978, Akzo introduced a similar fiber with roughly the same chemical structure calling it Twaron. These monomers are linked together through strong chemical bonds known as amide bonds, forming long chains called polymer . Kevlar is the DuPont Company 's registered trademark for a very light, very strong synthetic fiber created in 1965 by Stephanie Kwolek and Herbert Blades. In Kevlar the aromatic groups are all linked into the backbone chain through the 1 and 4 Jun 17, 2025 · Chemical Structure of Aramid Fibers Although you mightn’t see it, Kevlar’s strength comes from its unique chemical structure. These Molecular structure of Kevlar: bold represents a monomer unit, dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. 052 lb/in 3). The difference is in their structure, Kevlar® is a para-aramid while Nomex® is a meta-aramid. e. Additional strength is derived from aromatic stacking interactions between adjacent strands. The chains are highly oriented with strong interchanged bonding that results in an unusual May 15, 2022 · Its trade name is Kelvar, and its chemical structure is shown in Figure 1-1. Jun 17, 2025 · Chemical Composition and Molecular Structure Although both Dyneema and Kevlar are high-performance fibers, their chemical compositions and molecular structures differ markedly. The Molecular Marvel: Understanding Kevlar's Structure At its core, Kevlar is a high-performance plastic, but to truly appreciate its unique properties, we need to examine its molecular structure. ® have unique and beneficial properties. The fibres can be spun or woven into mats or fabrics to exploit these exceptional properties. In para-aramid, the linear rigid-rod structure of the polymer chains allows them to pack closely together in a highly ordered crystalline arrangement. Jan 18, 2025 · Kevlar is renowned for its exceptional tensile strength-to-weight ratio, making it an ideal material for a variety of applications ranging from ballistic armor to aerospace components. Innovations like nanotechnology coatings and hybrid weaves enhance Kevlar’s texture for better protection and comfort. Molecular structure of Kevlar: bold represents a monomer unit, dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. 44. secondary, and tertiary chemical structure. The polymer owes its high strength to the many inter-chain bonds. Mar 1, 2015 · This hierarchical structure enables Kevlar to have more aligned crystalline structure than most structural polymers [1]. Properties of this fiber are: • Excellent strength to weight ratio • Excellent thermal stability • Tensile fatigue is high • High resistance to cutting • Good flex resistance • Poor abrasion WHAT IS KEVLAR®? Kevlar® is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide family. [7] In solid form Technical Guide for Kevlar® Aramid Fiber 6 SECTION II: PROPERTIES OF DUPONT™ KEVLAR® Table II-2 compares the properties of Kevlar® 29 and Kevlar® 49 to other yarns, such as glass, steel wire, nylon, polyester, polyethylene and carbon. Kevlar derives its strength from intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and phenyl stacking interactions between aromatic groups in neighboring strands. 1 a 2. You’ll find that Kevlar is a synthetic polymer made up of long chains of repeating units called aromatic polyamides or aramids. This paper focuses on research of structure and certain features of the Kevlar 29 and Kevlar considered certain properties by (Toennies, 1973, 129). svg From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository File File history File usage on Commons File usage on other wikis Metadata Created by Stephanie Kwolek, DuPont ™ Kevlar ® is a heat-resistant para-aramid synthetic fiber with a molecular structure of many inter-chain bonds that make Kevlar ® incredibly strong. Low molecular weight oxidation products, including -COO- structures, formed on the surface of the Kevlar fiber. . 9 angstroms with a 90° unit cell angle [3]. This synthetic polymer has exceptional tensile strength, up to 10 times stronger than steel at the same weight. A similar fiber called Twaron with roughly the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s, commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is now manufactured by Teijin. Chemical structure of Nomex and Kevlar fibers can be described by the common formula in Fig. Molecular structure of Kevlar Molecular structure of the LCP Vectran [5] Liquid crystallinity in polymers may occur either by dissolving a polymer in a solvent (lyotropic liquid-crystal polymers) or by heating a polymer above its glass or melting transition point (thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers). The diagram in bolt represents the single monomer unit of Kevlar fiber. Jan 25, 2020 · KEVLAR is high strength and low density fiber used in applications like Bullet Proof jacket. Its amine functional group is situated with the meta orientation on the phenyl ring in a monomer unit, as opposed to the para configuration in Kevlar. Jun 17, 2025 · Since Kevlar’s strength depends on its molecular structure, its manufacturing process carefully controls how the fabric is formed. Kevlar can be made into strong, tough, stiff, high-melting fibres, five times stronger per weight than steel; it is used in radial tires, heat- or flame-resistant fabrics, Jan 13, 2025 · The specific chemical structure of Kevlar includes alternating amide groups and para-phenylene terephthalamide units. This chemical composition is key to understanding Kevlar's exceptional strength Kevlar production is expensive because of the difficulties arising from using toxic concentrated sulfuric acid, needed to keep the water-insoluble polymer in solution during its synthesis and spinning. The molecular formula is which makes up the molecules is [-CO Structure and Properties When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fiber has a tensile strength of about 3,620 MPa, and a relative density of 1. It starts out as a thin string of molecules, which extend and form straight parallel chains; therefore, the chains create strong hydrogen bonds between the molecular lines which gives kevlar its strength. The monomers normally used for the production of the polymer for Kevlar fibers are p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride. Dotted lines indicate the Jul 4, 2025 · Kevlar, trademarked name of poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide, a nylonlike polymer first produced by Du Pont in 1971. Mentioned here are its synthesis, applications and uses. Chemical properties Fibers of Kevlar consist of long molecular chains produced from PPTA-poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide). If you're interested, the full chemical name of Nomex is poly (m-phenylenediamine isophthalamide), while Kevlar is poly (p-phenylenediamine terephthalamide); Nomex is a meta-aramid (m-aramid) polymer while Kevlar is a para-aramid (p-aramid Jul 17, 2023 · Nomex ® (m -aramid) and Kevlar ® (p -aramid) are examples of high-performance materials that possess superior mechanical properties, fire resistance, excellent thermal, chemical, and oxidative stabilities, poor solubility in many solvents, as well as increased tensile strength [6, 7, 8, 9]. In the first part of paper, the author will consider the basic information about Kevlar 29 and Kevlar 49 for a better understanding of the research subject. The microfibrils feature was observed with an average width of 500 nm, composed of various types of periodical units of an average size 50 nm in a pleating appearance. Oct 17, 2005 · Kevlar¿ fibers are based on poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, a rigid molecule that makes it easier to realize a fully extended, or straight, chain configuration. Sep 6, 2024 · Kevlar’s reputation for strength and durability makes it a staple in applications ranging from bulletproof vests to racing sails. Developed in the 1960s, Kevlar’s unique molecular structure gives it strength five times that of steel by weight Apr 17, 2025 · As a data source specialist and technology journalist, I‘m excited to delve deeper into the science behind Kevlar and explore why it is so incredibly strong and versatile. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and N H Jul 30, 2025 · The science behind kevlar's strength At the heart of Kevlar’s toughness are its unique molecular structure , which consist of chains of repeating units called monomers. It should be used in place of this PNG file when not inferior. Nov 28, 2023 · Terminology and Chemical Structure of Aramid Fibers Chemical Structure Aramid fibers consist of long-chain polyamide molecules. In Kevlar the aromatic groups are Jun 1, 2018 · Molecular dynamics methods [22] are an excellent tool to analyze the structure at molecular, nano- and even sub-micron length scale. Kevlar does not melt but decomposes at a temperature between 427ᵒC and 482ᵒC. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and N H centers. Here we report detailed investigations of processing-internal structure-property relationships among four distinct Kevlar's molecular structure; BOLD: monomer unit; DASHED: hydrogen bonds. This is a common occurrence with other polymers as well, with the Teflon found in saucepans and frying pans going by the chemical name polytetrafluoroethene. svg WHAT IS KEVLAR®? Kevlar® is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyamide family. These fibers belong to a type known under the generic title of aramid fibers defined as “fibers in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide linkages are Jun 21, 2025 · Chemical Structure of Kevlar Kevlar’s chemical structure is what gives it incredible strength and durability. Incorporating structural characterizations previously reported in the literature [6,8e10,12,13], we highlight several key Kevlar ® fiber features, including FIBER-LINE®’s ability to add value to the already atractive properties of both Kevlar®Para-Aramid & Nomex® Meta-Aramid creates more opportunity in the market place to provide solution driven products to a diverse range of markets. This orderly, untangled arrangement of molecules is described as a crystalline structure.

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